NCC ‘B’ and ‘C’ Certificate Exam Paper IV- Specialised Subjects (Army): NCC Military History.
- Kodandera Madappa Cariappa was the first Indian Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army and led the Indian forces on the Western Front during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1947-48. He was appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Military in 1949 and received the rank of Field Marshal On January 14, 1986, at the age of 87.
- Field Marshal Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw, known as Sam Bahadur, was an Indian military leader. He was the first Indian Army officer to be promoted to the five-star rank of Field Marshal.
- Marshal of the Indian Air Force Arjan Singh, DFC, was born on April 15, 1919. He is the only officer of the Indian Air Force to be promoted to five-star rank, equal to a Field Marshal, to which he was promoted in 2002. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) in 1944 and commanded the Indian Air Force Exhibition Flight in 1945. He was Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) from August 1, 1964, to July 15, 1969, and was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1965.
- The Param Veer Chakra (PVC) is India’s highest Military decoration awarded for the highest degree of valor or self-sacrifice in the face of the enemy. The President of India established the PVC on January 26, 1950, effective August 15, 1947. It is the highest gallantry award for the government of India.
- The Param Veer Chakra (PVC) medal has been awarded 21 times, 14 of which were posthumous awards.
- The Param Veer Chakra (PVC) medal was designed by Savitri Khanolkar, who was married to an Indian Army Officer, Vikram Khanolkar of the Sikh Regiment. The medal is a circular bronze disc 1.375 inches (3.49 cm) in diameter. The state emblem appears in the Centre, on a raised circle surrounding this, with four replicas of Vajra, the all-powerful mythic weapon of Indra, the ancient Vedic king of Gods. The motif symbolizes the sacrifice of Rishi Dadhichi, who donated his bones to the Gods to make Vajra.
- Company Havildar Major Piru Singh Shekhawat (May 20, 1918 – July 18, 1948) was an Indian Army soldier posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra (PVC), India’s highest military decoration, on July 17, 1948.
- Major Shaitan Singh was born on December 1, 1924, in Jodhpur in Rajasthan. He was posthumously awarded ParamVir Chakra, the highest wartime gallantry medal, for his outstanding leadership during ‘The Battle of Rejang La.’
- Captain Vikram Batra, PVC (September 9, 1974 – July 7, 1999) was an officer of the Indian Army, posthumously awarded the Param Veer Chakra, India’s highest and most prestigious award, for his actions during the 1999 Kargil War in Kashmir between India and Pakistan.
- India has fought four wars with Pakistan so far: the 1947-48 War, the 1965 War, the 1971 War, and the Kargil Conflict.
- War of 1965: Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar to support insurgency in J&K against Indian rule. In retaliation, India launched Operation Grand Slam in the Western sector against Pakistan. The famous battles of the 1965 war included the Battle of Asal-Uttar, Battle of Dograi, etc. The battle of Chawinda was the largest tank battle in history after World War II.
- War of 1971: In early 1971, India declared its full support for the Bengali rebels, Known as Mukti Bahini. The battle of Longewala was fought on December 4, 1971. On December 16, 1971, more than 90000 Pakistani soldiers surrendered at Dhaka.
- Operation Meghdoot: The Siachen Glacier became a bone of contention following a vague demarcation of territories in the Karachi Agreement of 1949; the boundary demarcated as the Actual Ground Position Line beyond point NJ 9842, and both India and Pakistan occupying positions on both sides.
- Kargil Conflict 1999 was fought on the heights of Kargil and Drass in 1999. In mid-1999, Pakistani paramilitary forces and Kashmiri insurgents captured deserted but strategic Himalayan heights in the Kargil district of India. Indian forces painstakingly recaptured all posts one after another in a bloody conflict. Operation Vijay was declared a success on July 26, 1999.
NCC ‘B’ and ‘C’ Certificate Exam Paper IV- Specialised Subjects (Army): NCC Military History.
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